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Flags of the World

Page created: 5th October 1996 Last updated: 16th May 2009
The FAME is a site devoted to the systematic and scientific study of flags and coats of arms. Such symbols often bear strong political and other messages. Inclusion of those symbols here does not mean that the author supports or approves of the ideas they may stand for.	This site is harvested for the NSK digital archives.

City of Fiume/Rijeka, 1918 - 1924

• Gonfanon of the Regency of Carnaro
• War Ensign of the Regency of Carnaro
• Province of Carnaro, 1925 – 1943

The Croatian flag was hoisted in Fiume (Rijeka) on 23-OCT-1918 and officially on 29-OCT-1918 (after declaration of independence from Austria-Hungary). The same day 29-OCT-1918, the first Italian tricolour was exposed from the balcony of the Philharmonic society palace and the Italian national Council proclaimed: "because Fiume was a corpus separatum, representing an Italian commune in Hungarian kingdom, we pretend to apply the right of self decision for the people. From this right the Italian national Council proclaims Fiume united to its mother country Italy". From 13-NOV-1918 the military administration became a mixed Italian and Croatian one. The same day also Serbs and French entered Fiume, so also the Serb flag was hoisted. On 17-NOV the Serbs were ordered to move to Sussak (Sušak) while the Italian, together with French, British and United States troops kept the control of the town, through a Inter-allied committee. On 12-SEP-1919 G. D'Annunzio entered Fiume and the Italian tricolour was exposed from the balcony of the government palace. On 24-OCT D'Annunzio asked the citizens to cut one of the heads from the eagle on the civic arms, so to transform the Habsburg eagle in a roman one. D'Annunzio proclaimed the Italian regency of Carnaro (Kvarner) on 8-SEP-1920. On 29-DEC-1920 D'Annunzio was defeated by the Italian troops and 2-FEB-1921 a new government was instituted for the city, which had to prepare for free elections. This toke place on 24-APR-1921 and the autonomist party won. The coat of arms with the two headed eagle was reintroduced. The flag should be the civic flag with the coat of arm, but no official documents are known. The Free State ended de facto on 3-MAR-1922, and de jure on 16-MAR-1924 with the annexation of Fiume to Italy.

While part of Austria-Hungary, horizontal tricolour of red-yellow-blue was used, sometimes with the coat of arms in the middle. This was supposedly retained latter, with variations of the details of the coat of arms. Some other flags were reported.

• Croatia - Historical Flags
• Croatia

Gonfanon of the Regency of Carnaro

25:21~

Documentation: Photographs of the actual gonfalon and description made by its author: G. D'Annunzio.
Accuracy: Authenticated design and use from contemporary sources.
Image thanks to: Mario Fabretto

War Ensign of the Regency of Carnaro

1:2?

Documentation: Sketch made by its author: G. D'Annunzio
Accuracy: Authenticated use from contemporary sources, design reconstructed from original drawings by G. D'Annunzio on a document dated 27/8/1920 (Rome - National Library).
Image thanks to: Mario Fabretto

Province of Carnaro, 1925 – 1943

Provincia del Carnaro (Provincija Kvarner)

After the annexation of the city of Rijeka, the Italian rulers organized the region already in 1925 into a Province Carnaro (Croatian Kvarner). The province was granted a coat of arms and a gonfalon by the King Victor Emanuel III in 1929. The beautifully coloured armorial patent is preserved in the Museum in Rijeka. The armorial is signed both by the King and Mussolini. The coat of arms is per pale sable Roman fasces palewise or and gules seven mullets of five or arranges as the Ursa Major. The shield is crowned with a provincial crown with an olive and an oak branch. The coat of arms was also main feature of the seal granted at the same time, and undoubtedly used henceforward.
The gonfalon is a blue silk hanging banner with three fringed and tasselled tails and bordered with golden ornament along other three sides, containing the coat of arms in the middle and the name of the province in an arch above. There is no evidence that the gonfalon was actually produced and used, however beside the coloured images of the coat of arms and the gonfalon in the armorial patent; there are several ink drawn construction sheets in the Museum collection. These show the flag with all the dimensions needed for the production, however the coat of arms included in the design is somewhat different - including also a red chief that contains golden fasces between an oak and an olive branch wreath tied together with a tricolour ribbon. This version of the coat of arms must have been from a project phase. The coloured drawings are signed by Luigi Bangori Machiavelli (?), presumably the designer.

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Flags of the World