W.
Schwenzfeier, M. Philipp, O. K. Harrer
- Simulation
in der Metallurgie
Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung umreißt in groben
Zügen die Grundlagen der Simulation sowie den Weg vom realen Problem zum
Modell. An einigen Fallbeispielen ist der Einsatz der Simulation in der
Metallurgie gezeigt. Ablaufsimulation, Parameterstudien sowie Simulationen
zu Produkteigenschaften werden erklärt. Die Entwicklung von neuen Verfahren
mittels der Simulation ist ebenfalls beschrieben.
A. Smolej, E. Slaèek,
R. Turk -
State and Development of some Wrought Aluminium
Alloys for Special and General Applications
Aluminium is introduced into use in all industrial
fields. Demands for lighter and stronger semi products and products are
driving force for continuous improvement of standard alloys in regard
of composition, properties, and manufacturing technologies. The competition
with non-metallic materials demands further development of new aluminium
alloys. The paper presents a short review of development of some aluminium
wrought alloys intended mainly for rolled products. As the first group,
Al-Li-X and super plastic alloys are described, both being used for specific
purposes. The second group consists of alloys which were developed on
the basis of standard alloys, and are intensively used for series products
like wrapping and packing materials, and automobiles.
H. Hiebler
- Entwicklung
und Stand des LD-Verfahrens
Entwicklung des LD-Verfahrens und Anteil an der
Welt Stahlproduktion - Verfahrenstechnische und metallurgische Merkmale
des LD-Prozesses - Abbrand von Kohlenstoff und Verschlackung der Eisenbegleitelemente
- Zustand von Schmelze und Schlacke zu Blasende - Schlackenverwertung
und Umweltschutz - Leistungsdaten von LD-Stahlwerken.
¾. Mihok, G. Lešinský
- Environmental
Control in Integrated Steelworks
The paper deals with Integrated Prevention and
PoIlution Controll (IPPC) directive and its application in steelmaking
industry. The Best Available Techniques (BAT) principle is defined as
the one of the most important tools of IPPC. Next four fundamental iron
and steelmaking processes are discussed from the point of view of specific
pollution to environment: production of iron ore sinter, production of
pig iron in blast furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking, electric arc steelmaking,
and BATs for the proccsses are defined.
R. Kawalla, W.
Lehnert -
Prozeß-, Anlagen- und Produktentwicklungen Beim
Walzen von Stabstahl und Draht
Der Bedarf an Stabstählen und Drähten in Art,
Menge und Qualität hat sich in der Vergangenheit wesentlich verändert.
Die Fortschritte in der Walzwerkstechnik waren und sind ausschlaggebend,
daß bemerkenswerte Qualitätsverbesserungen anvisiert und erzielt werden
konnten. Für die Zukunft kann vor allem eine weitere Verschärfung der
Maßstäbe an die Produktqualität prognostiziert werden. Technologisch kommt
bei allen Stählen der werkstoffgerechten Temperaturführung beim Walzen
eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Die Zuverlässigkeit der Prozeßführung ist
sowohl ausschlaggebend für das erreichbare Qualitätsniveau als auch für
die Treffsicherheit, mit der die Qualitätsparameter bei den verschiedenen
Walzerzeugnissen erzielt werden können. Mit Hilfe integrierter Prozeßmodelle,
die die werkstoffspezifischen, verfahrens- und anlagentechnischen Besonderheiten
gleichermaßen berücksichtigen, können Technologien simuliert, bewertet
und optimiert, die Walzprozesse präzis gesteuert werden. Der wissenschaftliche
Erkenntnisstand der Modellierung und Simulation beim Warmwalzen hat einen
hohen Stand erreicht und ist nunmehr auch für das Walzen von Stabstahl
und Draht relativ weit fortgeschritten. Er bietet die Basis für nachhaltige
technisch-technologische Innovationen.
|
K.
- E. Hensger -
Processing of Advanced Structural Steels on CSP
Plants
Compact Strip Production (CSP) is an process established
for the effective manufacture of advanced hot strips. Leading CSP producers
put the production emphasis on high-quality grades, and consistently restricting
the processing of low-quality grades for competitive reasons. The paper
focuses on two major subjects: first: materials processed in CSP plants
and examples of application of CSP hot strip are given. After a short
overview a closer look to the processing of HSLA grades in CSP plants
is taken. These high strength grades with Y. S. up to 600 MPa are manufactured
in CSP plants on large scale and with great reliability, second: steel
group of interest here - multiphase steels is about to be processed in
CSP plants. Requirements on material properties for this new product group
are given, which deal with the relationship between microstructure and
properties and go over to the metallurgical microstructures. Special focus
on DP and TRIP grades is given.
M. Jenko, D. Mandrino,
M. Milun -
High Resolution Auger Spectroscopy in Metallurgy:
An Advanced Technique for Surface Analysis
A brief review of the high spatial resolution
Auger electron spectroscopy (HRAES) and its usage in metallurgy is presented.
A combination of HRAES and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy makes a powerful
combination to resolve a large number of problems encountered in metallurgy.
Several selected examples of such problems studied in the authors’ laboratory
are presented: influence of surface active impurities on the surface properties
and structure, chemical composition of nano-scaled inclusions, homogeneity
of oxide layers formed by decarburization, chemical composition of inter-
and intra-grain surfaces obtained by fracture in vacuum and interfacial
study of 19Cr-13Ni austenitic stainless steel after treatment at elevated
temperatures.
D. Fleš
- Materials
for the New Millennium-Synthetic Inorganic, Semi-Inorganic, and Organic-Inorganic
Hybrid Polymers
The properties of mineralogical and covalent inorganic
polymers are brieffy described in the introductory part. Glass is an important
polymer made up of rings and chains of silicate units which contain negatively
charged oxygen atoms neutralized by positive metal ions. Glass and few
other mineralogical types of inorganic polymers, like aluminum oxyde,
could be fabricated into fibers and used as insulating materials, and
as reinforcing fibers in composite materials. Most rocks, bricks, concrete
and ceramics belong to mineralogical polymers which are of great importance
as construction materials, but their application is often limited because
they are not flexible, elastomeric and resistant to impact. The most important
covalent polymers are poly(organosiloxanes) and poly(organophosphazenes).
Poly (organosiloxanes) contain chains of silicone-oxygen atoms with two
methyl groups attached to silicon atoms. Silicone polymers have low glass
transition temperature of -130 °C. Temperature of elasticity of silicone
rubber is from -30 °C to 250 °C. They strongly repel water and are used
as corrosion inhibitors of metals. An important field of application of
silicones is in medicine and in preparation of medical devices. In continuation,
there are briefly described the properties and application of poly(phosphazenes)
and poly(sulfur nitride). After that, several examples of organic-inorganic
hybrid polymers are listed, illustrating the variety of existing and possible
new commercial applications of these new materials. The following applications
of hybrid polymers are described: silane block copolymers for contact
lenses, acrylate tin copolymers for marine antifoulant coatings, scratch
resistant automotive coatinas and preparation of microporous silica.
I. Vitez, I. Budiæ
- Trends
Predominating on Conferences of European Organisation for Quality
European annual conferences on quality (EOQ) have
been held continuously since 1957. Total number of 45 conferences has
been registered till 2001. This paper gives a concise review on topics
and mottos of the 10 last conferences, their way of reasoning, final messages
and trends in quality management. |
